Childhood cancer awareness: What every parent should know

Every year, thousands of children and their families are impacted by a diagnosis of childhood cancer. According to the National Cancer Institute, an estimated 9,550 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed among children from birth to age 14 in the United States in 2025. Cancer remains the leading cause of death from disease among children.

Understanding more about childhood cancer can help parents spot early signs, seek medical care quickly, and be ready and able to support their child’s health.

What is childhood cancer?

Childhood cancer refers to cancers that occur in children and teens, which can be very different from adult cancers. According to the American Cancer Society, the most common childhood cancers are:

• Leukemia: The most common cancer in children. It starts in the blood and bone marrow.
• Brain and spinal cord tumors: The second most common cancers in children.
• Neuroblastoma: The most common cancer in babies. It develops in immature nerve cells.
• Wilms tumor: Found in children 3-4 years old. It starts in one or both kidneys.
• Lymphoma: This starts in the immune system cells and is usually found first in a lymph node.

What causes childhood cancer?

The American Cancer Society reports that most childhood cancers are caused by DNA changes (mutations) that happen early in the child’s life, sometimes even before birth. Because of this, there are not many known risk factors or ways to prevent childhood cancers.

Possible signs and symptoms

Because children can’t always explain what they’re feeling, it’s important for parents to stay alert for unusual symptoms, especially if they persist. The American Cancer Society lists the following as possible signs of cancer in children. Talk to your child’s pediatrician if you notice:

• A new lump or swelling, especially on the neck, chest, armpit or belly
• Extreme fatigue for no reason
• Bruising or bleeding easily, or bleeding that won’t stop
• Pain without a clear cause
• Limping or stumbling
• Unexplained fever or illness that doesn’t go away
• Frequent headaches, often with vomiting
• Sudden vision changes
• A milky white color behind the center of the eye
• Unexplained weight loss

While these signs may be related to other illnesses, it’s always best to seek medical advice.

The importance of regular checkups

Routine well-child visits are a key part of keeping kids healthy. These visits allow pediatricians to track development, perform basic screenings and catch signs of illness early.

Raising awareness together

September is Childhood Cancer Awareness Month. It’s time to honor the bravery of children and families affected and raise awareness for ongoing research and support efforts.

Together, we can shine a light on early detection, celebrate survivors and help support families through every step of their journey.